Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Foreign Exchange Service of Bank Asia Limited Essay Example for Free
Foreign Exchange Service of Bank Asia Limited Essay 1. Introduction The banking sector in Bangladesh comprises of four categories of scheduled banks. These are, nationalized commercial banks (NCBs), government owned development finance institutions (DFIs), private commercial banks (PCBs) and foreign commercial banks (FCBs). Performance of these banking sectors under CAMEL framework, which involves analysis, and evaluation of the five crucial dimensions of banking operations, the five indicators used in the rating system are (I) Capital adequacy (ii) Asset quality (iii) Management soundness (iv) Earnings and (v) Liquidity. In addition, foreign Exchange Service is one of the major considering factors regarding these indicators. The bank acts as a media for the system of foreign exchange policy. The principles of foreign exchange service involve the entire system, the media used, and the monetary unit. According to Mr. H.E. EVITT Foreign Exchange is that section of economic science which deals with the means and methods by which right to wealth in one countrys currency is converted into rights to wealth in terms of another countrys currency. So bank should be aware about this section for the overall development of the economy. 2. Background of the study An internship programââ¬â¢s necessity is originated for implementing the theoretical knowledge in particle field. Therefore, internship program is included in BBA program. The goal of this report is to identify the contribution and the effect of foreign exchange service in Bankââ¬â¢s net profit. 1.3 Rational Of the Study The rational of the study is to know more about the course in practical life. This study also helped me to know the banking system. From this study I learned about the different functions in the bank like offering online banking, pay order, foreign remittance, foreign trade, investment etc. I also learned how the banks perform these functions, what problems they face, and their benefit in offering different services to their clients. Then I was assigned in foreign trade department, so I have learned about L/C Files, register and over all L/C mechanism. In this section, how they provide their services to the clients I have also learned about it. As a student of Finance, it is very important for me to acquire proper knowledge in this course to get better result in the future. 1.4 Objectives of the Study 1) The prime objective of the study is to understand various functions of Banks. I tried to evaluate the present condition of the banks. 2) To know about various products services of this bank, and to know about the banking terms as well as habituate with banking environment. 3) To know how they find out the risk of the foreign trade. 4) To know how they identify these types of risk and minimize them. 1.5 Methodology of the study For preparing the report, I followed the following steps: âž ¢ Primary Information: First, I collected data about the Foreign ââ¬â Exchange Service in Bank Asia ltd. MCB Dikusha Branch by tenting to personnel working in the bank. âž ¢ Secondary Information: Then in the second stage, I analyzed the collected data, working in Foreign Trade Department. Again, â⬠¢ Personal Observation â⬠¢ File Finding â⬠¢ Annual Reports of BAL â⬠¢ Articles of BIOM helped to prepare this report. 1.6 Limitations of the Study Not all the information of a Bank can be disclosed. It is very much essential for a bank to provide security to the customer. So the perfect information might not be shown in all places. The Employees of the Bank are also very busy. Therefore, the employees of the bank do not have enough time to provide me help regarding preparing report. Therefore, it was very hard for me to collect the data and bring out the proper information in order to make report look good. I had to go through many obstacles in order to make it presentable. 1.7 Scope of the Report The scopes of the report are as follows: â⬠¢ The report would help the top management to identify the key areas of weakness and strength in foreign exchange service. â⬠¢ The scope of the study is based on brief description of BAL has been furnished. â⬠¢ The study may help top management in planning and decision making regarding foreign exchange service. CHAPTER 2: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES OF ââ¬Å"BANK ASIA LIMITEDâ⬠2.1 OVER VIEW OF BANK ASIA LIMITED: Bank Asia Limited (Ltd) has been launched by a group of successful entrepreneurs with recognized standing in the society. The paid up capital of the Bank is 1395 million. The management of the Bank consists of a team led by senior bankers with decades of experience in national and international markets. The senior management team is ably supported by a group of professionals many of whom have exposure in the international market. Bank Asia Limited is one of the third generation private commercial banks (PCBs), incorporated in Bangladesh on 28 September 1999 as a public limited company under the Companies Act 1994, and governed by the Banking Companies Act 1991. The Bank went for public issue of its shares on 23 September 2003 and its shares are listed with Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd and Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. Bank Asia Limited acquired the business of Bank of Nova Scotia (incorporated in Canada), Dhaka, in the year 2001 and at the beginning of the year 2002, the Bank also acquired the Bangladesh operations of Muslim Commercial Bank Limited (MCBL), a bank incorporated in Pakistan, having two branches at Dhaka and Chittagong and one booth at Dhaka. In taking over the Bangladesh operations, all assets and certain specific liabilities of MCBL were taken over by Bank Asia Limited at book values. Within a short span of time Bank Asia Ltd has established itself as one of the fast growing local private banks. It has at present a network of Thirty three branches serving many of the leading corporate houses and is gradually moving towards retail banking. Another significant delivery channel is its own as well as shared ATM Network. Bank Asia has a network of 25 ATMs out of which 6 it owns. The other 19 ATMs are shared through ETN with eleven other banks. Since its humble beginning in 1999, it set milestone by acquiring the business operations of the Bank of Nova Scotia in Dhaka, first in the banking history of Bangladesh. It again repeated the performance by acquiring the Bangladesh operations of Muslim Commercial Bank Ltd. (MCB), a Pakistani bank. In the year 2003 the Bank again came to the limelight with oversubscription of the Initial Public Offering of the shares of the Bank, which was a record (55 times) in our capital marketââ¬â¢s history and its shares commands respectable premium. The asset and liability growth has been remarkable. By Dec 2007 the total asset of the Bank grew to Tk 38436 million, increase of almost 26% comparing to 2006. As of Dec 2007 deposits increased to Tk 30004 million, an increase of 19% over that of 2006, and Loans Advances reached Tk 28456 million, an increase of 28% over that of 2006. Bank Asia has been actively participating in the local money market as well as foreign currency market without exposing the Bank to vulnerable positions. The Bankââ¬â¢s investment in Treasury Bills and other securities went up noticeably opening up opportunities for enhancing income in the context of a regime of gradual interest rate decline. Bank Asia Ltd is maintaining its competitiveness by leveraging on its Online Banking Software and modern IT infrastructure. It is the pioneer amongst the local banks in introducing innovative products like SMS banking, and under the ATM Network the Stelar Online Banking software enables direct linking of a clientââ¬â¢s account, without the requirement for a separate account. 2.2 VISION STATEMENT OF BANK ASIA LIMITED: Bank Asiaââ¬â¢s vision is to have a poverty free Bangladesh in course of a generation in the new millennium, reflecting the national dream. Our vision is to build a society where human dignity and human rights receive the highest consideration along with reduction of poverty. 2.3 MISSION STATEMENT OF BANK ASIA LIMITED: To assist in bringing high quality service to our customers and to participate in the growth and expansion of our national economy. To set high standards of integrity and bring total satisfaction to our clients, shareholders and employees. To become the most sought after bank in the country, rendering technology driven innovative services by our dedicated team of professionals. 2.4 CAPITAL STRUCTURE: Banks generally do their business with otherââ¬â¢s fund, so Bank Asia Ltd is not in exception. Bank Asia Ltd uses 24% equity and 75% Debt source of capital. The capital structure is following:
Monday, October 14, 2019
Annotated Bibliography on Tacrine
Annotated Bibliography on Tacrine Sathyan G et al (1995) studied the effect of solvents such as water, propylene glycol and ethanol and their mixtures for transdermal drug delivery on in vitro permeation of tacrine through rat and human skin. Largest flux and permeability were observed from ethanol-propylene glycol and water-ethanol binary mixtures, respectively. Excellent correlation between the rat and human skin data was observed. The formulations were found to be devoid of skin irritancy property. Ethanol-propylene glycol (1:1) mixture with a flux of 98 à µg/cm2 through rat skin was found to be a promising solvent system for the transdermal delivery of Tacrine. Yanq Q et al (2001) formulated microparticles of tacrine using poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) by solvent evaporation technique. Effect of formulation variables on Encapsulation efficiency and release was studied. Results showed an increase in encapsulation efficiency by 10 times and decrease in rate of release when molecular weight of polymer was changed from 8,000to 59,000 and 155,000 The study indicated that tacrine microparticles have a strong potential for long term treatment of Alzheimerââ¬â¢s disease. Kankkunen T et al (2002) investigated the iontophoretic delivery of Tacrine on 10 healthy adult volunteers by comparing a commercial LOGEL electrode with an ion exchange fibre formulation. Clinically significant plasma concentrations 21.3+5.9 ng/ml was achieved by commercial system whereas 14.9+2.6 ng/ml was achieved through ion exchange fibre system. The study showed that iontophoretic delivery of Tacrine is safe .Serum alanine transferase levels Jogani VV et al (2008) prepared and characterized mucoadhesive microemulsion of tacrine by the titration method for brain targeting for the treatment of Alzheimerââ¬â¢s disease. Selective nose to brain transport was confirmed by lower Tmax values (60 min) with intranasal administration than 120 min with intravenous administration. The brain bioavailability of tacrine after giving optimized formulation was 2 times more than obtained with intranasal tacrine solution Scintigraphy study in rabbits showed more uptake of Tacrine in brain after intranasal administration. The results indicated better, quicker transport of tacrine in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice brain and rapid regain of memory loss after intranasal administration. Hence, results suggested that intranasal tacrine delivery hold promising in treating Alzheimers disease. Wilson B et al (2010) prepared Tacrine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles by spontaneous emulsification method. The particles were characterized for size, zeta potential, drug-loading capacity and in vitro release. Mean particle size for drug-to-polymer ratio 1:1 was found to be 41 à ± 7 nm with average zeta potential of +34.7 à ± 1.5 mV. The release of tacrine from nanoparticles ranged from 83.04% à ± 1.41% to 94.64% à ± 0.84% for 12 hours depending on the drug-to-polymer ratio. In vitro release studies showed an initial burst of 30 minutes followed by continuous and slow release of the drug. The release of drug from nanoparticles was diffusion-controlled, following Fickian mechanism. Controlled release characteristics suggested prolonged residence time which could improve the bioavailability of tacrine in the brain. Luppi B et al (2011) prepared albumin nanoparticles of Tacrine hydrochloride with beta cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin and sulphobutylether beta cyclodextrin using coacervation method and thermal cross-linking. Prepared nanoparticles were then soaked in solutions of tacrine hydrochloride and lyophilized for effective drug loading. Evaluation results showed that nanoparticles had a spherical shape with negative charge and mean size .Dixit S et al (2013) formulated mouth dissolving tablets of Tacrine hydrochloride by direct compression using different superdisintegrants. Results indicated that mouth dissolving tablets showed acceptable hardness, friability, mechanical strength and weight uniformity. The optimized formulation disintegrated in less than 1 minute in mouth and released >98% of Tacrine within 14 minutes. The study reflected the potential of mouth dissolving tablet of Tacrine for quick absorption, improvement in bioavailability, increased patient compliance especially in patients with difficulty in swallowing. Corace G et al (2014) developed liposomes delivery of tacrine hydrochloride by nasal route using cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, a-tocopherol and/or Omega3 fatty acids by reverse phase evaporation technique followed by membrane filter extrusion. Results reflected that prepare d liposome formulations had a mean diameter varying from 175nm to 219nm with polydispersity index Haughey DB et al(1994) developed a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method(RPHPLC) with fluorescence detection for the analysis of Tacrine and 1-hydroxy-, 2-hydroxy-, and 4-hydroxytacrine (metabolites of Tacrine) in human plasma. The alkalinized samples of human plasma were extracted with a mixture of 90:10%v/v of chloroform and l-propanol. Calibration curves were constructed for clinically significant concentrations(5 to 30 ng/ml) for all the analytes. The method was found to be precise and accurate. The developed method was sensitive enough for the determination of tacrine and its metabolites after Cognex (40 mg single dose) was administered orally to normal volunteers. Hansen LL et al (1998) developed and validated a method for simultaneous estimation of tacrine and its metabolites, 1-hydroxytacrine , 2-hydroxytacrine and 4-hydroxytacrine in human plasma and urine .The method involved one-step liquidââ¬âliquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Determination was done by isocratic, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection (excitation: 330 nm and emission: 365 nm).The developed method demonstrated simplicity , precision, accuracy and sensitivity with limit of detection as 0.5 nM for 2-hydroxytacrine and 4-hydroxytacrine, 2 nM for 1-hydroxytacrine and tacrine in plasma. Mean recovery ranged from 84 to 105% for tacrine and its metabolites in plasma. Aparico I et al (1998) developed a spectrofluorimetric method to estimate tacrine in human serum and pharmaceuticals. The fluorimetric method allowed the determination of Tacrine in the range of 1ââ¬â70 ng /ml in aqueous solutions of acetic acidââ¬âsodium acetate buffer (pH 5.6) with (excitation wavelength of 242 nm and emission wavelength of 362 nm. Chollet DF et al (2000) developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method for therapeutic monitoring of Tacrine. The method was based on simple protein precipitation by acetonitrile or cold methanol followed by isocratic separation on a CN column eluted in reversed-phase mode. Developed method was found to be precise, robust, accurate and suitable which was demonstrated by analyzing more than 1,000 plasma samples from patients with Alzheimer disease . Ortuà ±o JA et al (2007) developed a flow-injection pulse amperometric method for estimation of Tacrine on the basis of ion transfer through a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane using a four-electrode potentiostat with ohmic drop compensation. Lnear relationship between peak height and concentration of tacrine was found up to 4Ãâ"10-5M .Limit of detection was found to be 1Ãâ"10-7M. The method was found to be linear, reproducible, specific and repeatable. Qian S et al (2012) developed an assay for simultaneous determination of Tacrine and its metabolites in rat plasma and brain tissue. The analytes along with internal standard were extracted from plasma of rat or tissue homogenate of brain by liquid-liquid extraction with the help of ethyl acetate. The separation was done on Thermo Hypersil BDS C18 column using mobile phase of acetonitrile and ammonium formate-triethylamine (pH 4.0) with fluorescence detection. Percentage recovery varied from 82.1% to 93.2% in h rat plasmas and brain tissue. The developed method was found to be simple, sensitive and reproducible procedure for the estimation of Tacrine and its metabolites in rats after oral administration.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Comparing Themes in Charlotte and Ruth Hall Essay -- compare and contra
Sentimental or Social Themes in Charlotte and Ruth Hall The subject matter of early American women writers has been criticized in the past, but the messages these authors sent women and society cannot be denied. Susanna Rowson and Fanny Fern came from two different time periods in American history, but their impact on society is similar. In both cases, the women experienced great success as writers during their time. Their popularity shows how their messages were transferred to many people of their time. By exploring the themes of these novels, a better understanding of females in society can be gained. The themes of womanhood and the issues associated with being female in early America will be detailed through specific problems. The concerns that are revealed in Charlotte: A Tale of Truth and Ruth Hall will deal with some universal issues like control, reason, emotion, reality, and the individualââ¬â¢s role in those areas. Womanhood is defined in different ways in Charlotte and Ruth Hall. Charlotte Temple and Ruth Hall were both vulnerable women in their respective ages. What is interesting is how each woman deals with her circumstances. Charlotte depends on the help of those around her; Ruth realizes those closest to her will not help. Ruth must fin for herself in order to survive; Charlotte does not survive! Does she not know how? With Charlotte, this question is relevant. She was young and accustomed to the care of others. Being alone in a new world was overwhelming to Charlotte morally. Yet, she ultimately chooses passion over principle, which is her ultimate flaw as a woman. This leads to a series of events ending in her death. Womanhood, especially in Susanna Rowsonââ¬â¢s historical era, was something virtuous. However, Cha... ...eties were quick to dismiss feminine strength, but the power of their written words cannot be denied. Works Cited Davidson, Cathy N. "Sentimental Novel." The Oxford Companion to Womenââ¬â¢s Writing in the United States. Eds. Cathy N. Davidson and Linda Wagner-Martin. NY: Oxford UP, 1985. "Fanny Fern." . 11 November 2000. Fergenson, Loraine. "Susanna Haswell Rowson (1762-1824)." . 10 November 2000. Fern, Fanny. Ruth Hall. Ed. Joyce W. Warren. London: Rutgers UP, 1994. Oââ¬â¢Higgins, Harvey. The American Mind in Action. NY: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1924. Rowson, Susanna. Charlotte: A Tale of Truth. 1791. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1999. 372-407. Warren, Joyce W. "Fanny Fern." The Oxford Companion to Womenââ¬â¢s Writing in the United States. Eds. Cathy N. Davidson and Linda Wagner-Martin. NY: Oxford UP, 1985.
Friday, October 11, 2019
My Role As The School Librarian Essay -- eduaction
Everyday I walk into my school library with the hope of influencing a student or a teacher to read a new book, use a new search strategy, or to collaborate on a unit of study. My goals for students range from getting to know them and their interests and then guiding the student to these new sources or literature. I look upon the library as a learning lab or, as some in my profession have dubbed it, the Learning Commons. Every morning I greet anywhere from 50 to 80 students who are waiting for the first bell of the day. These students are in the library because they have made a decision that this is their place; a hangout for those students who are drawn to a vibrant environment that is teeming with learning and discussion. The Library Commons at Olathe Northwest is a natural extension of the secondary libraryââ¬â¢s traditional mission in a digital world. My library offers a wide range of elements to foster student learning in new and creative ways. My goal is that this space fits the need of every student. Students who need to complete an assigned task that calls for collaboration can meet in the library and plan, discuss and complete their assignment. At the same time other students can be searching for a great book or looking online for sports scores or prom dresses. The forty computers in the library offer access for any student who walks in the door. And just in case more computers are needed, a wireless laptop can be called into service. My school library is a vibrant place that welcomes all students, there is something for everyone and as the teacher-librarian I am proud to say that I listen to my patrons and work to achieve the goal of providing a learning space that fills the needs of all who enter. The course to ac... ... time together outside of school hours. In my role as the school librarian I have access to every student and teacher in the building. I try to reach all of these people through creative and relevant library-based programs. I want the library to invite all users through its doors. I entice the I donââ¬â¢t like to read with great technology and computer resources. For the students who canââ¬â¢t get enough of the latest Manga book I am willing to stop at the bookstore and pick up the newest entry in that series. Regarding teachers, I am all about perfecting the collaborative effort to meet student learning. I have established a climate of respect. Respect for the learner, the teacher and the content material. Students genuinely like the library and my hope is that they will continue to use libraries as adults and they will be strong advocates for schools and libraries.
Introduction to Communication in Health Essay
List below the different reasons why people communicate: Communication is an integral part of life. Communication satisfies our constant need to relate to others, and have them relate to us. We use communication for numerous reasons, including; persuading, to seek information, to express emotion. Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of your own work: If you donââ¬â¢t show effective communication the person/people you are communicating to may not understand what it is you are saying/asking. They may also misinterpret what you mean therefore giving you an invalid response. Explain why it is important to observe an individualââ¬â¢s reactions when communicating with them: Itââ¬â¢s important to view reactions, because only partially of communication is verbal, meaning that you are gong to be missing out on a large part of communication if you arenââ¬â¢t paying attention to peoples facial and bodily reactions. Face-to-face communication is the strongest and tightest coupled method of communication we have. Read more:à Different reasons people communicateà essay Explain how you have found out about an individualââ¬â¢s communication and language needs, wishes and preferences: Asking the service user, talking to colleagues, reading care plans and medical notes, asking relatives, are the ways to found out about an individualââ¬â¢s communication and language needs, wishes and preferences. List the barriers to communication: Language barrier Psychological barriers Gender barriers Culture barriers Emotional barriers Physical barriers If no ability to form ideas or to use a relative method of interacting with someone. Personal incompetence in communicating in an appropriate way with other people. Use of jargon or slang. Too much information ââ¬â not able to process everything and take any more information in. Explain how you have identified sources of information and support or services to enable more effective communication. Translation Services ââ¬â Can help with changing written text from one language to another. Interpreting Services ââ¬â Can help in converting spoken language to another language. Speech & Language Services ââ¬â Can support people who have had a stroke and have problems with their speech. Advocacy Service ââ¬â Can support people who are unable to speak up for themselves. This service tries to understand the needs, wishes and preferences of people, and will argue on their behalf. Explain the term ââ¬Ëconfidentialityââ¬â¢ and how you implement it in your workplace: Confidentiality has been defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as ââ¬Å"ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to have accessâ⬠. Confidentiality is defined as keeping something secret, specifically relating to private information or communications. Confidentiality relates to the duty to maintain confidence and thereby respect privacy. Under the ethical principle of respect for a personââ¬â¢s autonomy, public health workers have an obligation to respect privacy. Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential might need to be passed on: Sometimes confidential information about a client may need to be passed on to others. If there is a risk of danger or harm to the client, or other people, if abuse is suspected or if there is suspected misconduct by/of a colleague, in respect of care of a client. You must inform the client why the information needs to be passed on to others, and that it is your responsibility to do so. Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentiality: This will be outlined in company policies and procedures or codes of practice. The Data Protection Act 1998 was made to protect a personââ¬â¢s personal and sensitive information.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Placement Proposal Niam Essay
(An Organization of Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India) Kota Road, Bambala (Near Sanganer), Jaipur-302033, (Rajasthan) Telephone: 0141-2795121/2795143, Fax: 0141-2771938, 2770595 Website: www.ccsniam.gov.in About the Institute The National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM) is an apex level autonomous institute set up by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India in Agricultural Marketing which conducts training, research, consulting and educational programmes along with formulating policy inputs. With a view to developing Agri-business and Marketing professionals, NIAM conducts an AICTE approved two-year Post Graduate Diploma Programme in Agribusiness Management (PGDABM) since 2001. Our students imbibe knowledge, excellent academic strengths and also see things through a different perspective as imparted by our programme which is closely associated with institutions like IIM-A, IIM-I, XLRI, IIFT, MICA etc. with the constant support from our Director General- Shri. R.P. Meena (Additional Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture), Director-Shri. Kamal Mathur, Deputy Director-Dr. Hema Yadav and our experienced faculty members, PGDABM has become a flagship programme. In a recent survey NIAM has been ranked among Indiaââ¬â¢s top sectoral B schools in ââ¬ËOutlook Indiaââ¬â¢ B-School Survey 2011-12. About the Students The current batch (2011-13) is the ninth batch and has strength of 50 (40 boys and 10 girls) with varied qualifications. Serial No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Educational Background of Students Agricultural Engineering Biotechnology B.Sc. Agriculture B.Sc Commercial Ag. & Business Management Dairy Technology Fisheries Food Technology Horticultural Sciences Veterinary Sciences Total Number of Students 2 2 32 1 3 2 1 4 3 50 There are 7 students in this batch who have work experience. The students take field projects in rural areas, Agricultural markets and processing industries etc as Summer Projects, Live project, Individual projects and we have organized several Training and National /International Workshops. We have collaborations or association with FAO, CII, NABARD,à ASSOCHAM, UNSAID, WORLD BANK, APEDA, ADB, EXIM BANK, NCDEX, FICCI State Governments, National Cooperatives and many more International forum constituted for a particular purpose. Our students have proven their credentials in various events like B-Plan, Business quiz, Debate, AD Mania, Sports, etc. organized in several prestigious institutes like IIM-A, FMS, IIT-Delhi, IIT-Mumbai, AMITY, IBS Jaipur, TAPMI, etc. Recruitment Mode of recruitment is through campus recruitment which we could be initiating in the month of December-January. It would be a pleasure to be associated with your organization and we would like our students to begin their career in an esteemed organization/ company like yours. To invite you for the recruitment, we are sending you the corporate response sheet. We would be highly grateful to your organization if you send the duly filled sheet to us at the earliest. This will ensure your participation in recruitments.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Ports in the Storm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Ports in the Storm - Essay Example This is a great opportunity that can really open up Portugal and its neighbouring countries. European markets will be the first beneficiaries of an improved Lisbon port. First, this is a great investment where European companies can drive their investments. After certain duration, Lisbon harbour will call companies to tender for services like offloading containers, uploading containers, and ship repairs. This will provide business to big and small companies improving on the European economy. Secondly, besides providing business to companies, employment opportunities will increase, as individuals will operate cranes and other machines. Thirdly, Improvements of Lisbon harbour will allow the bulkiest of the vessels to dock in it. According to Economist magazine, ââ¬Å"The bulkiest vessels can carry 14,000 twenty-foot containers that would require a train 85 km if transported by railâ⬠(The economist Newspaper, 2012). Big vessels enhance economies of scale since there is a considerable fall in the cost per container. Cost of industrial raw materials falls as the cost of transportation falls, this eventually causes low cost of products. Fourthly, big ships do not stop in many destinations of Europe. This means that Lisbon harbour will open up a faster means of transportation of bulk materials fastening up the process of production. In addition, consumers and businesses will receive complete products in good time. This will attract prime shippers looking for value, speed, and reliability. The first beneficiary of an improved Lisbon port is Portugal. This is because as the port expands, Portuguese industries will get cheap raw materials for their productions. Heavy metal industries and those that depend on bulky materials that come from Asia will benefit greatly. In addition, Southern part of Spain will grow because of this port. The growth will come about as goods from Lisbon port are transported via good
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